8 February, 2010
The second ICEM, International Metalworkers’ Federation (IMF) survey on Contract and Agency Labour (CAL) shows a continuing increase in the number of workers employed precarious contracts, despite an economic crisis that gripped many countries during 2009 and led to massive lay-offs of short-term contract workers.
The result is surprising since it is generally the practice that CAL workers are the first to be made redundant when companies restructure, and could perhaps indicate that many companies who have begun hiring again are doing so with fixed-term or temporary workers.
A total of 66% of ICEM and IMF affiliates that responded indicated that there has been an increase in temporary or part-time work in their sectors and in their countries in 2009. Only 22% of affiliates reported that they had seen a decrease, with a further 12% stating that there had been no change. This builds on information collected in 2008, when 88% of all ICEM affiliates stated that short-term and temporary employment increased over the past five years. Noteworthy is also the fact that quite a few unions signaled a sharp increase in precarious labour, with one in three ICEM affiliates indicating an increase of over 10% over the past year.
Two-thirds of the ICEM and IMF affiliates who replied indicated that the wage and benefit gap between direct, permanently employed workers and CAL workers had increased over the last year as a result of the global economic crisis. This growing wage gap between permanently employed workers and contract workers seems to be more pronounced outside of countries in the OECD area.
Another important factor is that unions are taking action against the proliferation of precarious jobs, with 40% of ICEM and IMF affiliates saying that they are already taking measures to avoid an increase in precarious work once the economy begins to improve. Another 39% are currently reflecting on how to take action on this issue. Only 14% indicated that they had not yet taken any action, and a mere 7% of affiliates stated that this is not a problem for them.
Recruiting short-term or temp agency workers into unions remains a challenge, with only 28% of affiliates reporting that their union has more contract and agency worker members than it did last year. A full 37% of ICEM and IMF affiliates indicated that the amount of members employed as contract and agency workers had remained the same, and 35% said that there had been a decrease in membership of workers employed on a contract or agency basis.
A total of 252 ICEM and IMF affiliates responded to the multilingual survey. Responses were received from all regions, with Africa, Asia, and Europe/Eurasia each being responsible for about one third of all responses. A further 8% of replies came from the Americas and 2% from the Asia-Pacific region. A more detailed visual representation of all the results is available here.